January is cervical awareness month and it’s important to learn the basics for your well-being and for the well-being of your loved ones. Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Yet, it is also one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. Raising awareness about cervical cancer is crucial, especially for African women, who often face barriers to early diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer develops in the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus. While most HPV infections clear on their own, some can lead to abnormal cell changes and, over time, develop into cancer.
Signs and Symptoms
Early-stage cervical cancer often has no symptoms, which is why regular screening is essential. However, as the disease progresses, some warning signs may include: Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause, unusual vaginal discharge with a strong odor or blood, pain during intercourse and pelvic pain.If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention immediately.
Prevention and Early Detection
The good news is that cervical cancer is highly preventable through vaccination and regular screenings.The HPV vaccine protects against the strains of the virus that most commonly cause cervical cancer. It is recommended for girls and young women, ideally before they become sexually active. However, women up to their mid-40s can still benefit from vaccination.
Regular screening includes the pap smear that’s a test that detects abnormal cell changes in the cervix before they develop into cancer. It is recommended every three years for women aged 21–65. There’s also the HPV test that checks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains and is often used alongside or instead of a pap smear for women over 30.
Safe Sexual Practices
Since HPV is sexually transmitted, using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners can reduce the risk of infection.
Healthy Lifestyle Choices
A strong immune system helps fight HPV infections. Eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and managing stress can contribute to cervical health.
In many African countries, access to cervical cancer screening and treatment is limited due to cost, lack of awareness, and cultural stigma. Governments and organizations are working to improve access through free or low-cost vaccination programs, community awareness campaigns and mobile screening clinics especially in rural areas.
Many women avoid discussing cervical health due to fear or shame. Open conversations about HPV, screening, and early detection can help break these taboos and encourage more women to take charge of their health. Women must advocate for their health, educate themselves, and support one another in accessing these life-saving services.
Cervical cancer is preventable, treatable, and, with early detection, often curable. Every woman has the power to protect herself through vaccination, regular check-ups, and education. By raising awareness and advocating for accessible healthcare, we can reduce cervical cancer cases and save lives.Let’s start the conversation today. Have you scheduled your next screening?
